Clave JEL Descripción
A10General Economics - General
A11General Economics - Role of Economics; Role of Economists
A12General Economics - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines
A13General Economics - Relation of Economics to Social Values
A14General Economics - Sociology of Economics
A19General Economics - Other
A20Teaching of Economics - General
A21Teaching of Economics - Precollege
A22Teaching of Economics - Undergraduate
A23Teaching of Economics - Graduate
A29Teaching of Economics - Other
B00Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - General
B10History of Economic Thought through 1925 - General
B11History of Economic Thought through 1925 - Preclassical
B12History of Economic Thought through 1925 - Classical
B13History of Economic Thought through 1925 - Neoclassical through 1925
B14History of Economic Thought through 1925 - Socialist; Marxist
B15History of Economic Thought through 1925 - Historical; Institutional
B19History of Economic Thought through 1925 - Other
B20History of Economic Thought since 1925 - General
B21History of Economic Thought since 1925 - Microeconomics
B22History of Economic Thought since 1925 - Macroeconomics
B23History of Economic Thought since 1925 - Econometrics; Quantitative Studies
B24History of Economic Thought since 1925 - Socialist; Marxist
B25History of Economic Thought since 1925 - Historical; Institutional; Evolutionary
B29History of Economic Thought since 1925 - Other
B30History of Thought: - Individuals - General
B31History of Thought: - Individuals - Individuals
B40Economic Methodology - General
B41Economic Methodology - Economic Methodology
B49Economic Methodology - Other
B50Current Heterodox Approaches - General
B51Current Heterodox Approaches - Socialist; Marxian; Sraffian
B52Current Heterodox Approaches - Institutional; Evolutionary
B53Current Heterodox Approaches - Austrian
B59Current Heterodox Approaches - Other
C00Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - General
C10Econometric and Statistical Methods: - General - General
C11Econometric and Statistical Methods: - General - Bayesian Analysis
C12Econometric and Statistical Methods: - General - Hypothesis Testing
C13Econometric and Statistical Methods: - General - Estimation
C14Econometric and Statistical Methods: - General - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods
C15Econometric and Statistical Methods: - General - Statistical Simulation Methods; Monte Carlo Methods
C16Econometric and Statistical Methods: - General - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Specific Distributions
C19Econometric and Statistical Methods: - General - Other
C20Econometric Methods: - Single Equation Models - General
C21Econometric Methods: - Single Equation Models - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models
C22Econometric Methods: - Single Equation Models - Time-Series Models
C23Econometric Methods: - Single Equation Models - Models with Panel Data
C24Econometric Methods: - Single Equation Models - Truncated and Censored Models
C25Econometric Methods: - Single Equation Models - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models
C29Econometric Methods: - Single Equation Models - Other
C30Econometric Methods: - Multiple/Simultaneous Equation Models - General
C31Econometric Methods: - Multiple/Simultaneous Equation Models - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models
C32Econometric Methods: - Multiple/Simultaneous Equation Models - Time-Series Models
C33Econometric Methods: - Multiple/Simultaneous Equation Models - Models with Panel Data
C34Econometric Methods: - Multiple/Simultaneous Equation Models - Truncated and Censored Models
C35Econometric Methods: - Multiple/Simultaneous Equation Models - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models
C39Econometric Methods: - Multiple/Simultaneous Equation Models - Other
C40Econometric and Statistical Methods: - Special Topics - General
C41Econometric and Statistical Methods: - Special Topics - Duration Analysis
C42Econometric and Statistical Methods: - Special Topics - Survey Methods
C43Econometric and Statistical Methods: - Special Topics - Index Numbers and Aggregation
C44Econometric and Statistical Methods: - Special Topics - Statistical Decision Theory; Operations Research
C45Econometric and Statistical Methods: - Special Topics - Neural Networks and Related Topics
C49Econometric and Statistical Methods: - Special Topics - Other
C50Econometric Modeling - General
C51Econometric Modeling - Model Construction and Estimation
C52Econometric Modeling - Model Evaluation and Testing
C53Econometric Modeling - Forecasting and Other Model Applications
C59Econometric Modeling - Other
C60Mathematical Methods and Programming - General
C61Mathematical Methods and Programming - Optimization Techniques; Programming Models; Dynamic Analysis
C62Mathematical Methods and Programming - Existence and Stability Conditions of Equilibrium
C63Mathematical Methods and Programming - Computational Techniques
C65Mathematical Methods and Programming - Miscellaneous Mathematical Tools
C67Mathematical Methods and Programming - Input-Output Models
C68Mathematical Methods and Programming - Computable General Equilibrium Models
C69Mathematical Methods and Programming - Other
C70Game Theory and Bargaining Theory - General
C71Game Theory and Bargaining Theory - Cooperative Games
C72Game Theory and Bargaining Theory - Noncooperative Games
C73Game Theory and Bargaining Theory - Stochastic and Dynamic Games
C78Game Theory and Bargaining Theory - Bargaining Theory; Matching Theory
C79Game Theory and Bargaining Theory - Other
C80Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs - General
C81Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data
C82Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data
C87Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs - Econometric Software
C88Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs - Other Computer Software
C89Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs - Other
C90Design of Experiments - General
C91Design of Experiments - Laboratory, Individual Behavior
C92Design of Experiments - Laboratory, Group Behavior
C93Design of Experiments - Field Experiments
C99Design of Experiments - Other
D00Microeconomics - General
D10Household Behavior - General
D11Household Behavior - Consumer Economics: Theory
D12Household Behavior - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
D13Household Behavior - Household Production and Intrahouse Allocation
D14Household Behavior - Personal Finance
D18Household Behavior - Consumer Protection
D19Household Behavior - Other
D20Production and Organizations - General
D21Production and Organizations - Firm Behavior
D23Production and Organizations - Organizational Behavior; Transaction Costs; Property Rights
D24Production and Organizations - Production; Capital and Total Factor Productivity; Capacity
D29Production and Organizations - Other
D30Distribution - General
D31Distribution - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
D33Distribution - Factor Income Distribution
D39Distribution - Other
D40Market Structure and Pricing - General
D41Market Structure and Pricing - Perfect Competition
D42Market Structure and Pricing - Monopoly
D43Market Structure and Pricing - Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection
D44Market Structure and Pricing - Auctions
D45Market Structure and Pricing - Rationing; Licensing
D46Market Structure and Pricing - Value Theory
D49Market Structure and Pricing - Other
D50General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium - General
D51General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium - Exchange and Production Economies
D52General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium - Incomplete Markets
D57General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium - Input-Output Analysis
D58General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium - Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models
D59General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium - Other
D60Welfare Economics - General
D61Welfare Economics - Allocative Efficiency; Cost-Benefit Analysis
D62Welfare Economics - Externalities
D63Welfare Economics - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
D64Welfare Economics - Altruism
D69Welfare Economics - Other
D70Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - General
D71Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - Social Choice; Clubs; Committees
D72Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - Economic Models of Political Processes: Rent-Seeking,
D73Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations
D74Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - Conflict; Conflict Resolution; Alliances
D78Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - Positive Analysis of Policy-Making and Implementation
D79Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - Other
D80Information and Uncertainty - General
D81Information and Uncertainty - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
D82Information and Uncertainty - Asymmetric and Private Information
D83Information and Uncertainty - Search, Learning, and Information
D84Information and Uncertainty - Expectations; Speculations
D89Information and Uncertainty - Other
D90Intertemporal Choice and Growth - General
D91Intertemporal Choice and Growth - Intertemporal Consumer Choice; Life Cycle Models and Saving
D92Intertemporal Choice and Growth - Intertemporal Firm Choice and Growth, Investment, or Financing
D99Intertemporal Choice and Growth - Other
E00Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - General
E10General Aggregative Models - General
E11General Aggregative Models - Marxian; Sraffian; Institutional; Evolutionary
E12General Aggregative Models - Keynes; Keynesian; Post-Keynesian
E13General Aggregative Models - Neoclassical
E17General Aggregative Models - Forecasting and Simulation
E19General Aggregative Models - Other
E20Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - General
E21Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - Consumption; Saving
E22Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - Capital; Investment (including Inventories); Capacity
E23Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - Production
E24Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - Employment; Unemployment; Wages
E25Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - Aggregate Factor Income Distribution
E27Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - Forecasting and Simulation
E29Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - Other
E30Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - General
E31Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
E32Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
E37Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - Forecasting and Simulation
E39Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - Other
E40Money and Interest Rates - General
E41Money and Interest Rates - Demand for Money
E42Money and Interest Rates - Monetary Standards and Regimes; Government and the Monetary System
E43Money and Interest Rates - Determination of Interest Rates; Term Structure of Interest Rates
E44Money and Interest Rates - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
E47Money and Interest Rates - Forecasting and Simulation
E49Money and Interest Rates - Other
E50Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - General
E51Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers
E52Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - Monetary Policy (Targets, Instruments, and Effects)
E53Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - Deposit Insurance
E58Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - Central Banks and Their Policies
E59Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - Other
E60Macroeconomic - Aspects of Public Finance, Macroeconomic Policy, - General
E61Macroeconomic - Aspects of Public Finance, Macroeconomic Policy, - Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination
E62Macroeconomic - Aspects of Public Finance, Macroeconomic Policy, - Fiscal Policy; Public Expenditures, Investment, and Finance; Taxation
E63Macroeconomic - Aspects of Public Finance, Macroeconomic Policy, - Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary or Stabilization Policy
E64Macroeconomic - Aspects of Public Finance, Macroeconomic Policy, - Incomes Policy; Price Policy
E65Macroeconomic - Aspects of Public Finance, Macroeconomic Policy, - Studies of Particular Policy Episodes
E66Macroeconomic - Aspects of Public Finance, Macroeconomic Policy, - General Outlook and Conditions
E69Macroeconomic - Aspects of Public Finance, Macroeconomic Policy, - Other
F00International Economics - General
F01International Economics - Global Outlook
F02International Economics - International Economic Order; Economic Integration: General
F10Trade - General
F11Trade - Neoclassical Models of Trade
F12Trade - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies
F13Trade - Commercial Policy; Protection; Promotion; Trade Negotiations
F14Trade - Country and Industry Studies of Trade
F15Trade - Economic Integration
F16Trade - Trade and Labor Market Interactions
F17Trade - Trade Forecasting and Simulation
F18Trade - Trade and Environment
F19Trade - Other
F20International Factor Movements and International Business - General
F21International Factor Movements and International Business - International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements
F22International Factor Movements and International Business - International Migration
F23International Factor Movements and International Business - Multinational Firms; International Business
F29International Factor Movements and International Business - Other
F30International Finance - General
F31International Finance - Foreign Exchange
F32International Finance - Current Account Adjustment; Short-Term Capital Movements
F33International Finance - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions
F34International Finance - International Lending and Debt Problems
F35International Finance - Foreign Aid
F36International Finance - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration
F39International Finance - Other
F40Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - General
F41Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - Open Economy Macroeconomics
F42Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - International Policy Coordination and Transmission
F43Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - Economic Growth of Open Economies
F47Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - Forecasting and Simulation
F49Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - Other
G00Financial Economics - - General
G10General Financial Markets - General
G11General Financial Markets - Portfolio Choice
G12General Financial Markets - Asset Pricing
G13General Financial Markets - Contingent Pricing; Futures Pricing
G14General Financial Markets - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies
G15General Financial Markets - International Financial Markets
G18General Financial Markets - Government Policy and Regulation
G19General Financial Markets - Other
G20Financial Institutions and Services - General
G21Financial Institutions and Services - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Mortgages
G22Financial Institutions and Services - Insurance; Insurance Companies
G23Financial Institutions and Services - Pension Funds; Other Private Financial Institutions
G24Financial Institutions and Services - Investment Banking; Venture Capital; Brokerage
G28Financial Institutions and Services - Government Policy and Regulation
G29Financial Institutions and Services - Other
G30Corporate Finance and Governance - General
G31Corporate Finance and Governance - Capital Budgeting; Investment Policy
G32Corporate Finance and Governance - Financing Policy; Capital and Ownership Structure
G33Corporate Finance and Governance - Bankruptcy; Liquidation
G34Corporate Finance and Governance - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate Governance
G35Corporate Finance and Governance - Payout Policy
G38Corporate Finance and Governance - Government Policy and Regulation
G39Corporate Finance and Governance - Other
H00Public Economics - General
H10Structure and Scope of Government - General
H11Structure and Scope of Government - Structure and Scope of Government
H19Structure and Scope of Government - Other
H20Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - General
H21Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - Efficiency; Optimal Taxation
H22Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - Incidence
H23Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
H24Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
H25Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - Business Taxes and Subsidies
H26Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - Tax Evasion
H29Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - Other
H30Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents - General
H31Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents - Household
H32Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents - Firm
H39Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents - Other
H40Publicly Provided Goods - General
H41Publicly Provided Goods - Public Goods
H42Publicly Provided Goods - Publicly Provided Private Goods
H43Publicly Provided Goods - Project Evaluation; Social Discount Rate
H49Publicly Provided Goods - Other
H50National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - General
H51National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - Government Expenditures and Health
H52National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - Government Expenditures and Education
H53National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
H54National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - Infrastructures
H55National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - Social Security and Public Pensions
H56National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - National Security and War
H57National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - Procurement
H59National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - Other
H60National Budget, Deficit, and Debt - General
H61National Budget, Deficit, and Debt - Budget; Budget Systems
H62National Budget, Deficit, and Debt - Deficit; Surplus
H63National Budget, Deficit, and Debt - Debt; Debt Management
H69National Budget, Deficit, and Debt - Other
H70State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - General
H71State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
H72State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - State and Local Budget and Expenditures
H73State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - Interjurisdictional Differentials and Their Effects
H74State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - State and Local Borrowing
H77State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - Intergovernmental Relations; Federalism
H79State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - Other
H80Miscellaneous Issues - General
H81Miscellaneous Issues - Governmental Loans and Credits
H82Miscellaneous Issues - Governmental Property
H87Miscellaneous Issues - International Fiscal Issues
H89Miscellaneous Issues - Other
I00Health,Education and Welfare - - General
I10Health - General
I11Health - Analysis of Health Care Markets
I12Health - Health Production: Nutrition, Mortality, Morbidity, Substance Abuse and Addiction, Disability, and Economic Behavior
I18Health - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health
I19Health - Other
I20Education - General
I21Education - Analysis of Education
I22Education - Educational Finance
I28Education - Government Policy
I29Education - Other
I30Welfare and Poverty - General
I31Welfare and Poverty - General Welfare; Basic Needs; Quality of Life
I32Welfare and Poverty - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
I38Welfare and Poverty - Government Programs; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
I39Welfare and Poverty - Other
J00Welfare and Poverty - General
J10Demographic Economics - General
J11Demographic Economics - Demographic Trends and Forecasts
J12Demographic Economics - Marriage; Marital Dissolution; Family Structure
J13Demographic Economics - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
J14Demographic Economics - Economics of the Elderly
J15Demographic Economics - Economics of Minorities and Races
J16Demographic Economics - Economics of Gender
J17Demographic Economics - Value of Life; Foregone Income
J18Demographic Economics - Public Policy
J19Demographic Economics - Other
J20Time Allocation; Work Behavior; Employment Determination and Creation - General
J21Time Allocation; Work Behavior; Employment Determination and Creation - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J22Time Allocation; Work Behavior; Employment Determination and Creation - Time Allocation and Labor Supply (hours of work, part-time employment, work sharing, absenteeism, quits)
J23Time Allocation; Work Behavior; Employment Determination and Creation - Employment Determination; Demand for Labor; Self-employment
J24Time Allocation; Work Behavior; Employment Determination and Creation - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity (Formal Training Programs; On-the-Job Training)
J26Time Allocation; Work Behavior; Employment Determination and Creation - Retirement; Retirement Policies
J28Time Allocation; Work Behavior; Employment Determination and Creation - Safety; Accidents; Industrial Health; Job Satisfaction; Related Public Policy
J29Time Allocation; Work Behavior; Employment Determination and Creation - Other
J30Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - General
J31Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials by Skill, Training, Occupation, etc.
J32Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits; Private Pensions
J33Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - Compensation Packages; Payment Methods
J38Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - Public Policy
J39Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - Other
J40Particular Labor Markets - General
J41Particular Labor Markets - Contracts: Specific Human Capital, Matching Models,
J42Particular Labor Markets - Monopsony; Segmented Labor Markets
J43Particular Labor Markets - Agricultural Labor Markets
J44Particular Labor Markets - Professional Labor Markets and Occupations Firm Behavior (the Commons)
J45Particular Labor Markets - Public Sector Labor Markets
J48Particular Labor Markets - Particular Labor Markets: Public Policy
J49Particular Labor Markets - Other
J50Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining - General
J51Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining - Trade Unions: Objectives, Structure, and Effects
J52Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining - Dispute Resolution: Strikes; Arbitration; Mediation
J53Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining - Labor-Management Relations; Industrial Jurisprudence
J54Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining - Producer Cooperatives; Labor Managed Firms
J58Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining - Public Policy
J59Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining - Other
J60Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies - General
J61Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers
J62Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies - Occupational and Intergenerational Mobility
J63Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies - Turnover; Vacancies; Layoffs
J64Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search
J65Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies - Unemployment Insurance; Severance Pay; Plant Closings
J68Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies - Public Policy
J69Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies - Other
J70Discrimination - General
J71Discrimination - Discrimination
J78Discrimination - Public Policy
J79Discrimination - Other
J80Labor Standards: National and International - General
J81Labor Standards: National and International - Working Conditions (safety, hours)
J82Labor Standards: National and International - Labor Force Composition (child labor, prison labor, bonded labor, immigrant labor, racial and gender discrimination)
J83Labor Standards: National and International - Workers' Rights
J88Labor Standards: National and International - Public Policy
J89Labor Standards: National and International - Other
K00Law and Economics - - General
K10Basic Areas of Law - General
K11Basic Areas of Law - Property Law
K12Basic Areas of Law - Contract Law
K13Basic Areas of Law - Tort Law and Product Liability
K14Basic Areas of Law - Criminal Law
K19Basic Areas of Law - Other
K20Regulation and Business Law - General
K21Regulation and Business Law - Antitrust Law
K22Regulation and Business Law - Corporation and Securities Law
K23Regulation and Business Law - Regulated Industries and Administrative Law
K29Regulation and Business Law - Other
K30Other Substantive Areas of Law - General
K31Other Substantive Areas of Law - Labor Law
K32Other Substantive Areas of Law - Environmental, Health, and Safety Law
K33Other Substantive Areas of Law - International Law
K34Other Substantive Areas of Law - Tax Law
K39Other Substantive Areas of Law - Other
K40Other Substantive Areas of Law - General
K41Other Substantive Areas of Law - Litigation Process
K42Other Substantive Areas of Law - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
K49Other Substantive Areas of Law - Other
L00Industrial Organization - General
L10Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - General
L11Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms (Concentration, Product Differentiation, Entry and Exit)
L12Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - Monopoly; Monopolization Strategies
L13Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets
L14Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation
L15Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - Information and Product Quality
L16Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics; Macroeconomic Industrial Structure
L19Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - Other
L20Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - General
L21Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - Business Objectives of the Firm
L22Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - Firm Organization and Market Structure: Markets vs. Hierarchies; Vertical Integration
L23Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - Organization of Production
L25Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - Firm Size and Performance
L29Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - Other
L30Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise - General
L31Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise - Nonprofit Institutions
L32Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise - Public Enterprises
L33Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise - Boundaries of Public and Private Enterprise; Privatization; Contracting Out
L39Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise - Other
L40Antitrust Policy - General
L41Antitrust Policy - Monopolization; Horizontal Anticompetitive Practices
L42Antitrust Policy - Vertical Restraints; Resale Price Maintenance; Quantity Discounts
L43Antitrust Policy - Legal Monopolies and Regulation or Deregulation
L44Antitrust Policy - Antitrust Policy and Public Enterprise, Nonprofit Institutions, and Professional Organizations
L49Antitrust Policy - Other
L50Regulation and Industrial Policy - General
L51Regulation and Industrial Policy - Economics of Regulation
L52Regulation and Industrial Policy - Industrial Policy; Sectoral Planning Methods
L59Regulation and Industrial Policy - Other
L60Industry Studies: Manufacturing - General
L61Industry Studies: Manufacturing - Metals and Metal Products; Cement; Glass; Ceramics
L62Industry Studies: Manufacturing - Automobiles; Other Transportation Equipment
L63Industry Studies: Manufacturing - Microelectronics; Computers; Communications Equipment
L64Industry Studies: Manufacturing - Other Machinery; Business Equipment; Armaments
L65Industry Studies: Manufacturing - Chemicals; Rubber; Drugs; Biotechnology
L66Industry Studies: Manufacturing - Food; Beverages; Cosmetics; Tobacco
L67Industry Studies: Manufacturing - Other Consumer Nondurables: Clothing, Textiles, Shoes, and Leather
L68Industry Studies: Manufacturing - Appliances; Other Consumer Durables
L69Industry Studies: Manufacturing - Other
L70Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction - General
L71Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
L72Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Other Nonrenewable Resources
L73Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction - Forest Products: Lumber and Paper
L74Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction - Construction
L79Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction - Other
L80Industry Studies: Services - General
L81Industry Studies: Services - Retail and Wholesale Trade; Warehousing
L82Industry Studies: Services - Entertainment; Media (Performing Arts, Visual Arts, Broadcasting, Publishing, etc.)
L83Industry Studies: Services - Sports; Gambling; Recreation; Tourism
L84Industry Studies: Services - Personal and Professional Services
L85Industry Studies: Services - Real Estate Services
L86Industry Studies: Services - Information and Internet Services; Computer Software
L89Industry Studies: Services - Other
L90Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities - General
L91Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities - Transportation: General
L92Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities - Railroads and Other Surface Transportation: Autos, Buses, Trucks, and Water Carriers
L93Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities - Air Transportation
L94Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities - Electric Utilities
L95Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities - Gas Utilities; Pipelines; Water Utilities
L96Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities - Telecommunications
L97Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities - Utilities: General
L98Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities - Government Policy
L99Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities - Other
M00Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting - - General
M10Business Administration - General
M11Business Administration - Production Management
M12Business Administration - Personnel Management
M13Business Administration - Entrepreneurship
M14Business Administration - Corporate Culture; Social Responsibility
M19Business Administration - Other
M20Business Economics - General
M21Business Economics - Business Economics
M29Business Economics - Other
M30Marketing and Advertising - General
M31Marketing and Advertising - Marketing
M37Marketing and Advertising - Advertising
M39Marketing and Advertising - Other
M40Accounting and Auditing - General
M41Accounting and Auditing - Accounting
M42Accounting and Auditing - Auditing
M49Accounting and Auditing - Other
M49Personnel Economics - Other
M50Personnel Economics - General
M51Personnel Economics - Firm Employment Decisions; Promotions (hiring, firing, turnover, part-time seniority issues)
M52Personnel Economics - Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects (stock options, fringe benefits, incentives, seniority issues)
M53Personnel Economics - Training
M54Personnel Economics - Labor Management (team formation, worker empowerment, job design, tasks and authority, job satisfaction)
M55Personnel Economics - Labor Contracting: Outsourcing; Franchising: Other
N00Economic History - - General
N01Economic History - Development of the Discipline: Historiographical; Sources and Methods
N10Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Growth and Fluctuations - General, International, or Comparative
N11Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Growth and Fluctuations - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
N12Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Growth and Fluctuations - U.S.; Canada: 1913-71
N13Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Growth and Fluctuations - Europe: Pre-1913
N14Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Growth and Fluctuations - Europe: 1913-71
N15Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Growth and Fluctuations - Asia including Middle East
N16Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Growth and Fluctuations - Latin America; Caribbean
N17Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Growth and Fluctuations - Africa; Oceania
N20Financial Markets and Institutions - General, International, or Comparative
N21Financial Markets and Institutions - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
N22Financial Markets and Institutions - U.S.; Canada: 1913-71
N23Financial Markets and Institutions - Europe: Pre-1913
N24Financial Markets and Institutions - Europe: 1913-71
N25Financial Markets and Institutions - Asia including Middle East
N26Financial Markets and Institutions - Latin America; Caribbean
N27Financial Markets and Institutions - Africa; Oceania
N30Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Income and Wealth - General, International, or Comparative
N31Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Income and Wealth - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
N32Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Income and Wealth - U.S.; Canada: 1913-71
N33Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Income and Wealth - Europe: Pre-1913
N34Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Income and Wealth - Europe: 1913-71
N35Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Income and Wealth - Asia including Middle East
N36Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Income and Wealth - Latin America; Caribbean
N37Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Income and Wealth - Africa; Oceania
N40Government, War, Law, and Regulation - General, International, or Comparative
N41Government, War, Law, and Regulation - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
N42Government, War, Law, and Regulation - U.S.; Canada: 1913-71
N43Government, War, Law, and Regulation - Europe: Pre-1913
N44Government, War, Law, and Regulation - Europe: 1913-71
N45Government, War, Law, and Regulation - Asia including Middle East
N46Government, War, Law, and Regulation - Latin America; Caribbean
N47Government, War, Law, and Regulation - Africa; Oceania
N50Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries - General, International, or Comparative
N51Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
N52Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries - U.S.; Canada: 1913-71
N53Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries - Europe: Pre-1913
N54Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries - Europe: 1913-71
N55Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries - Asia including Middle East
N56Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries - Latin America; Caribbean
N57Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries - Africa; Oceania
N60Manufacturing and Construction - General, International, or Comparative
N61Manufacturing and Construction - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
N62Manufacturing and Construction - U.S.; Canada: 1913-71
N63Manufacturing and Construction - Europe: Pre-1913
N64Manufacturing and Construction - Europe: 1913-71
N65Manufacturing and Construction - Asia including Middle East
N66Manufacturing and Construction - Latin America; Caribbean
N67Manufacturing and Construction - Africa; Oceania
N70Transport, International and Domestic Trade, Energy, and Other Services - General, International, or Comparative
N71Transport, International and Domestic Trade, Energy, and Other Services - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
N72Transport, International and Domestic Trade, Energy, and Other Services - U.S.; Canada: 1913-71
N73Transport, International and Domestic Trade, Energy, and Other Services - Europe: Pre-1913
N74Transport, International and Domestic Trade, Energy, and Other Services - Europe: 1913-71
N75Transport, International and Domestic Trade, Energy, and Other Services - Asia including Middle East
N76Transport, International and Domestic Trade, Energy, and Other Services - Latin America; Caribbean
N77Transport, International and Domestic Trade, Energy, and Other Services - Africa; Oceania
N80Micro-Business History - General, International, or Comparative
N81Micro-Business History - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
N82Micro-Business History - U.S.; Canada: 1913-71
N83Micro-Business History - Europe: Pre-1913
N84Micro-Business History - Europe: 1913-71
N85Micro-Business History - Asia including Middle East
N86Micro-Business History - Latin America; Caribbean
N87Micro-Business History - Africa; Oceania
N90Regional and Urban History - General
N91Regional and Urban History - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
N92Regional and Urban History - U.S.; Canada: 1913-
N93Regional and Urban History - Europe: Pre-1913
N94Regional and Urban History - Europe: 1913-
N95Regional and Urban History - Asia including Middle East
N96Regional and Urban History - Latin America; Caribbean
N97Regional and Urban History - Africa; Oceania
O00Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth - General
O10Economic Development - General
O11Economic Development - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
O12Economic Development - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
O13Economic Development - Agriculture; Natural Resources; Environment; Other Primary Products
O14Economic Development - Industrialization; Choice of Technology
O15Economic Development - Human Resources; Income Distribution; Migration
O16Economic Development - Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment
O17Economic Development - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements
O18Economic Development - Regional, Urban, and Rural Analyses
O19Economic Development - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations
O20Development Planning and Policy - General
O21Development Planning and Policy - Planning Models; Planning Policy
O22Development Planning and Policy - Project Analysis
O23Development Planning and Policy - Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development
O24Development Planning and Policy - Trade Policy; Factor Movement; Foreign Exchange Policy
O29Development Planning and Policy - Other
O30Technological Change - General
O31Technological Change - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
O32Technological Change - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D
O33Technological Change - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences
O34Technological Change - Intellectual Property Rights: National and International Issues
O38Technological Change - Government Policy
O39Technological Change - Other
O40Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - General
O41Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models
O42Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - Monetary Growth Models
O47Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - Measurement of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity
O49Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - Other
O50Economywide Country Studies - General
O51Economywide Country Studies - U.S.; Canada
O52Economywide Country Studies - Europe
O53Economywide Country Studies - Asia including Middle East
O54Economywide Country Studies - Latin America; Caribbean
O55Economywide Country Studies - Africa
O56Economywide Country Studies - Oceania
O57Economywide Country Studies - Comparative Studies of Countries
P00Economic Systems - General
P10Capitalist Systems - General
P11Capitalist Systems - Planning, Coordination, and Reform
P12Capitalist Systems - Capitalist Enterprises
P13Capitalist Systems - Cooperative Enterprises
P14Capitalist Systems - Property Rights
P16Capitalist Systems - Political Economy
P17Capitalist Systems - Performance and Prospects
P19Capitalist Systems - Other
P20Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies - General
P21Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies - Planning, Coordination, and Reform
P22Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies - Prices
P23Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies - Factor and Product Markets
P24Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies - National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation
P26Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies - Political Economy
P27Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies - Performance and Prospects
P29Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies - Other
P30Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions - General
P31Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions - Socialist Enterprises and Their Transitions
P32Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions - Collectives; Communes; Agricultural Institutions
P33Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions - International Linkages
P34Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions - Finance
P35Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions - Public Finance
P36Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions - Consumer Economics; Health, Education, Welfare, and Poverty
P37Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions - Legal
P39Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions - Other
P40Other Economic Systems - General
P41Other Economic Systems - Planning, Coordination, and Reform
P42Other Economic Systems - Productive Enterprises; Factor and Product Markets; Prices
P43Other Economic Systems - Finance; Public Finance
P44Other Economic Systems - National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation
P45Other Economic Systems - International Linkages
P46Other Economic Systems - Household Behavior
P47Other Economic Systems - Performance and Prospects
P49Other Economic Systems - Other
P50Comparative Economic Systems - General
P51Comparative Economic Systems - Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems
P52Comparative Economic Systems - Comparative Studies of Particular Economies
P59Comparative Economic Systems - Other
Q00Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics - General
Q01Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics - Sustainable Development
Q10Agriculture - General
Q11Agriculture - Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis; Prices
Q12Agriculture - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
Q13Agriculture - Agricultural Markets and Marketing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness
Q14Agriculture - Agricultural Finance
Q15Agriculture - Land Ownership and Tenure; Land Reform; Land Use; Irrigation
Q16Agriculture - R&D; Agricultural Technology; Agricultural Extension Services
Q17Agriculture - Agriculture in International Trade
Q18Agriculture - Agricultural Policy; Food Policy
Q19Agriculture - Other
Q20Renewable Resources and Conservation; Environmental Management - General
Q21Renewable Resources and Conservation; Environmental Management - Demand and Supply; Environmental Modeling and Forecasting Firm Behavior (the Commons) Institutions; Illegal Behavior
Q22Renewable Resources and Conservation; Environmental Management - Fishery
Q23Renewable Resources and Conservation; Environmental Management - Forestry
Q24Renewable Resources and Conservation; Environmental Management - Land
Q25Renewable Resources and Conservation; Environmental Management - Water; Air; Climate; Noise
Q26Renewable Resources and Conservation; Environmental Management - Recreational Aspects of Natural Resources; Contingent Valuation Methods
Q28Renewable Resources and Conservation; Environmental Management - Government Policy
Q29Renewable Resources and Conservation; Environmental Management - Other
Q30Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation - General
Q31Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation - Demand and Supply
Q32Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation - Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development
Q33Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation - Resource Booms
Q38Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation - Government Policy
Q39Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation - Other
Q40Energy - General
Q41Energy - Demand and Supply
Q42Energy - Alternative Energy Sources
Q43Energy - Energy and the Macroeconomy
Q48Energy - Government Policy
Q49Energy - Other
R00Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics - General
R10General Regional Economics - General
R11General Regional Economics - Analysis of Growth, Development, and Changes
R12General Regional Economics - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity
R13General Regional Economics - General Equilibrium and Welfare Economic Analysis of Regional Economies
R14General Regional Economics - Land Use Patterns
R15General Regional Economics - Econometric and Input-Output Models; Other Models
R19General Regional Economics - Other
R20Household Analysis - General
R21Household Analysis - Housing Demand
R22Household Analysis - Other Demand
R23Household Analysis - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population
R29Household Analysis - Other
R30Production Analysis and Firm Location - General
R31Production Analysis and Firm Location - Housing Supply and Markets
R32Production Analysis and Firm Location - Other Production and Pricing Analysis
R33Production Analysis and Firm Location - Nonagricultural and Nonresidential Real Estate Markets
R34Production Analysis and Firm Location - Input Demand Analysis
R38Production Analysis and Firm Location - Government Policies; Regulatory Policies
R39Production Analysis and Firm Location - Other
R40Transportation Systems - General
R41Transportation Systems - Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion
R42Transportation Systems - Government and Private Investment Analysis
R48Transportation Systems - Government Pricing; Regulatory Policies
R49Transportation Systems - Other
R50Regional Government Analysis - General
R51Regional Government Analysis - Finance in Urban and Rural Economies
R52Regional Government Analysis - Land Use and Other Regulations
R53Regional Government Analysis - Public Facility Location Analysis; Public Investment and Capital Stock
R58Regional Government Analysis - Regional Development Policy
R59Regional Government Analysis - Other
Z00Other Special Topics - General
Z10Cultural Economics - General
Z11Cultural Economics - Economics of the Arts and Literature
Z12Cultural Economics - Religion
Z13Cultural Economics - Social Norms and Social Capital